Hand-operated loom



Oct. 4, 1949. J. w. JENKIINS 2,483,642

HAND-OPERATED LOOM Filed April 12, 1947 1 s Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 4, 1949.J. w. JENKINS 7 2,483,642

I I HAND-OPERATED LOOM Filed April 12, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ct. 4,3949. J. w. JENKINS 2,453,642

HAND-OPERATED LOOM Filed A ril 12, 1947 s Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented 6d. 4,194

UNITED STATES PATENToFFlcE HAND-OPERATED LOOM Joseph W. Jenkins,Toronto, Ontario, Canada Application April 12, 1947, Serial No. 741,066

6 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in looms of a type particularlyadapted to the manufacture of rugs which may be operated by individualswithout the use of power machinery and which will enable persons who aremore or less unskilled to produce excellent results, and the principalobject of the invention is to provide a loom with means which willovercome the difficulty of weaving a rug and gradually diminishing itswidth during the weaving operation with a consequent tightening orconstriction of the yarn or shot material.

A further object of the invention is to provide a structure in which theamount of effort required in manipulating the reed will be reduced to aminimum, thus relieving the stress on the operator.

A still further object is to provide in a loom means which will keep thewarps true and will enable an increase in the speed of production whileproducing a better and more uniform fabric.

The principal feature of the invention'consists in the provision of anovel warp spacing means and providing means associated with suchspacing means for unifying the length of the weft following eachtraverse of the shuttle across the sheds of the warps, such meanscomprising spacing fingers adapted to be projected between the warpsprior to the passing of the shuttle and fingers interposed between thespacing fingers adapted to be swung downwardly following the passing ofthe shuttle to engage the weft or shot to depress same uniformly betweenthe spacing fingers prior to the reverse movement of the heddles.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is an elevational part-sectionalview of a loom constructed in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a detail perspective view of a portion of thewarp-manipulating heddles.

Figure 3 is a part-broken part-section perspectlve detail of one end ofthe filling setter frame and spacing fingers.

Figure 4 is a front elevational detail of one end of the filling setterframe and spacing and weft-engaging fingers.

Figure 5 is an elevational view of a portion of the filling setter frameshowing the latches for holding the weft depressing fingers raised.

Figure 6 is a vertical sectional detail of a portion of the fillingsetter frame and latch releasing member.

Figure 7 is a plan view of the machine.

The loom herein shown and described is preferably a wooden structure andconsists primarily of a rectangular upright frame having parallel frontposts i, rear posts 2 and intermediate posts 3 spaced a short distanceforward from the rear posts. These posts are rigidly connected by topbars l and horizontal bars 5 spaced about onethird of the height of thefloor.

Tie rods 5' and 5 connect the front and rear ends of the top bars 4 andsimilar tie rods 8 and 9 connect the front and rear ends of theintermediate bars 5. The tie rod 9 connects the lower ends of the rearposts 2.

Upon each of the tie rods between the two side frame members arearranged spacer pipes 9", it, H and i2 which form guides over which thewarps l3 extend.

Mounted upon suitable journal blocks M on the top bars of the frame is aroller i5 upon which the warps are Wound. This roller may be heldagainst rotation by any suitable form of braking means. A spur gear itis here shown attached to one end of the warp roller and this is engagedby a pinion H, the spindle of which is journalled in the frame and hasmounted on the other end a ratchet wheel l8 which may be provided with asuitable spring pawl 19 to retard movement of the warp roller. 7

A horizontal heddle frame 20 is mounted on and extends forwardly betweenthe side frame members, being supported at its rear end on a cross bar26' rigidly connected to the intermediate upright posts 3, and slidablymounted on this frame are a pair of heddles 2| and 22.

Pulleys 23 are arranged at the outer end of l the heddle frame, andcords 2A having one end connected to each of the heddle frames extendaround said pulleys.

Cords 25 aand 26 are connected respectively to the upper heddle 2| andlower heddle 22 adjacent to the ends of their inner sides. These cordsextend back and around pulleys 21 and 28 mounted on the cross bar 211',and said cords extend outwardly and are carried downwardly over pulleys29 and 30 at the outer ends of the cross bar.

A pair of spaced heddle levers 33 (only one of which is shown) arepivotally mounted on the ends of the rear tie rod l0 and the heddlecords extending over the pulleys 29 and 30 are connected to theselevers.

Elevator members 34 are arranged one on each side of the main frame toslide vertically on the inward side of the uprights i" and 3. These mayor may not be connected transversely across the frame but lifting cords35 are'conw nected adjacent to the front and rearward ends and extendupwardly and around rollers 35 rotatably mounted between the front andintermediate posts I and 3, so that upon the turning of said rollers andthe winding up of the cords the elevators will be moved upwardly in theupright frame.

Extending along the inward bottom edges of the elevator members 34 areguide strips 31 and resting upon these guide strips and extending acrossthe frame is an open rectangular frame 58 which I term the fillingsetter frame.

The front bar 39 of the frame 38 is formed with a plurality of equallyspaced U-shaped grooves or notches 40, and arranged at either side ofthese notches extending throughout the length of the said cross bar areblocks 4| which are mounted on hinges and normally rest in a horizontalposition extending from the forward side of thebar.

In each of the said blocks there is secured a narrow blade 42,preferably of thin metal. The outward ends of these are curved upwardly.

Extending lengthwise of the frame 38, about mid-way between the frontand back bar thereof, is a rigid bar 43. which is formed with aplurality of vertical slots 44 arranged transversely thereon, and theseslots are aligned centrally with the V -notches 40 in the front bar.

Pivotally mounted in each of the slots 44 is a thin metal bar 45. Thesebars form fingers which extend outwardly beyond the front bar andparallel with the blades 42. Each of the bars 45 ex tend rearwardly ofthe supporting middle bar of the frame and each is formed with abevelled top surface 46.

Pivotally mounted on the back of the bar 43 and in alignment with theslots 44. are latch membets 4'! which are provided with forwardlyextending lugs 48 adapted to engage the bevel top surfaces 45 of thebars 45. These latches are spring-held by loop springs 45, with the lugs48 engaging and holding the bars 45 in an angularly elevated positionclear of the notches 45 in the bar 39. Hinged to the lower side of thebar 53 is a board 50 which, when swung to a substantially verticalposition as showninFigures 3 and 6, will engage and lift the blades froma horizontal position to the raised position, and as the board 50 isthus manipulated the individual latch members 41 slip over the roundedunder corners of the blades 45 and ultimately engage the top bevellededgesto hold them in the elevated position.

Mounted on blocks at each endof the frame 38 isa horizontal bar 52 andon this bar is mounted a trolley 53 which is capable of movinglongitudinally thereon. Secured to and extending downwardly from thetrolley is an arm 54 provided with a horizontal and bevelled extension55 which is adapted, on being moved longitudinally, to engage the latchmembers 4! to effect the withdrawal of the lugs 48 of said latches fromengagement with the bevel top of the blades 42.

' Levers 56 are pivotally mounted to the top bars of the frame of theloom midway between the front and intermediate posts l and 3. These extend downwardly and the lower ends are adapted to engage the back bar ofthe filling setter frame 38.

A cord 58 is attached to each of the heddle levers 33 and extend overpulleys 581 and are connected to the levers 56 sothat upon the.depressionof the heddle lever at its forward end will cause the swingingof thelever 56 to. engage the frame 38 and slide it forward in theelevators 34. This movement carries the frame forwardly so that thehinged blades 42 are extended through the warps passing downwardlythrough the heddles, thereby holding the warps from lateral distortionand also presenting a positive guiding surface for the shuttles whichare passed back and forth between the warps.

A pair of bars 59 are pivotally mounted intermediate of their length onpivots 65 arranged intermediate of the height of the intermediatehorizontal bars 5. The forward ends of the bars 59, extend beyond thefront post I beneath the heddle frame and between these arms is securedthe comb 5|, through the cross bars of which the warps are threaded.This comb or reed frame is adapted to be swung downwardly following thepassing of a shuttle to press the weft shots tightly into the warpsagainst the previous shots passed in the construction of the carpet orother piece of goods that is being woven.

The rear ends of the bars 59 extend back of the rear posts 2 and a crossbar connecting same has a roller 52 mounted thereon weighted tocounterbalance the bar 59.

Pivotally mounted on the inner side of each of the rear posts 3 are thecam arms 83 which are pivoted intermediate of their length and theirupper ends have the rearwardly extending underside bevelled faces 51";which engage the rollers 62.

The forward and downwardly extending ends of the cam arms 63 areconnected by means of cords 65 to the filling setter frame 38, suchcords extending over the top. of the hinged board 50, so that when thecam arms are swung on their pivots so that their bottom ends moverearwardly the said cords first swing the boardv 55 upwardly to engageand lift the blades 45' to swing them to their latched position, andthen the cords pulling upon the frame move the frame backwardly so thatit slides upon the guides of the elevators 34 and withdraws the hingedbars mounted on the front bar 39 of the filling setter frame out frombetween the warps.

Ehis action is caused by the downward swinging of the reed frame and thebars of the filling setter frame are withdrawn from the warps before thereed or comb moves far enough down to engage the weft shots to pack themsecurely.

In operating this machine the weaver first winds his warps on the rollerl5 and these are carried downwardly over the spacer tubes 9, and Ill,then beneath the frame around the rear spacer tubes Hand up over the topspacer tubes IZ from whence they are carried downwardly to the roller 55mounted in suitable bearing blocks below the horizontal bars 5 andbetween. the intermediate and rear pos s.

In placing the warpsthey are threaded through the heddles and the reedinthe usual approved,

manner.

The operator of the loomby pressing down-.

frame slide it forward until the guide blades ex-.

tending forwardly therefrom pass between the warps.

Simultaneously. with the forward movement of the said filling setterframe the cam arms, which the back of the frame and,

are connected thereto by the cords 65 swing on their pivots and theunder bevelled surfaces engaging the rollers 62 swing the reed framecomprising the bars 59 upwardly to a position closely adjacent theunderside of the heddle frame where it is retained by the counterbalance62. With the reed frame counterbalanced it will be understood that withthe reed frame in its upward position the cord 65 connecting itsactuating cams 63 with the setter frame will be sufficiently slack topermit the board so to swing down under its own weight clear of the barsQ5. The weaver then passes the shuttle through the shed of the warps andthe weft shot lies loosely between said warps over the blades A2.

The weaver then manipulates the trolley 53 riding on the horizontal bar52 carried on the filling setter frame, and the bevelled extention ofthe cam arm e travelling across the loom engages the latches d1, pushingthem back to clear the pivotal bars mounted in the rigid middle bar as,and these bars swinging downwardly enter the notches ill in the frontbar and in their downward passage engage the piece of shot materialwhich has been passed across through the warps and presses it downwardlystretching over the blades extending between the warps from the frontbar of the frame. This imparts to each shot of fabric a zig-zag shape;as illustrated particularly in Figure 4, and draws out an equal amountof shot material, placing it uniformly over the previous shots and withan equal amount of tension.-

This provision is a critical part of the present invention as it placesthe material of the weft shots uniformly in posi ion without drawingtightly in at the ends so that when the reed frame is depressed by thevoluntary operation of the weaver the zig-zag contour of the shotspermits it to pack down uniformly without drawing the end loops inwardlyto constrict and pull the warps out of their vertical position.

The weaver then manipulates the reed frame downwardly and the downwardswinging of the reed frame causes the roller e2 to swing the cam armsupwardly with their bottom ends swinging rearwardly, thereby pulling onthe cords to swing the hinged board upwardly as described and raise theshot depression bars or fingers until they are latched in their raisedpositions, and the continuing movement draws the filling setter framebackwardly to again clear the warps and permit the repetition of theoperations as described.

It will be understood that as successive weft shots are placed betweenthe warps the fabric will grow, consequently it is necessary that thefilling setter frame be raised to take care of this growth of the fabricupwardly. This raising is accomplished by providing suitable cords orchains connected to the heddle levers to pull downwardly upon andoperate ratchet members 68 which rotate the rollers 36, and as suchrollers rotate they wind up the cords 35 and raise the) elevators 3t).

A suitable return operating cord to is secured to the elevator rollersso that when the elevators have been raised a sufficient distance thecarpet or other fabric woven may be wound upon the carpet roller 5%,after which the rollers 36 may be reversed. by pulling on these returncords to lower the elevators to the desired position.

It will be understood that a loom such as. described .may be made atextremely low cost. It may be operated quite successifu lly by personswho may be partially handicapped by physical disability; it requires nopower to operate and .it' produces a woven article of a uniform widththroughout its length. I What I claim as my invention is: 1

1. In a hand operated loom, the combination with the warps, heddles formanipulating said warps, and heddle levers for operating said heddles,of. a frame mounted to move toward and from said warps, spacer barsmounted on said frame and intermittently spaced thereacross adapted toextend between said warps upon movement of said frame towards saidwarps, bars mounted on said frame spaced between the aforesaid bars andadapted to be raised above the horizontal plane of said spacer barassembly, means for moving said raised bars downwardly in succession topress the weft material downwardly in a zig-zag pattern between thespaced spacer bars extended between the warps, and weft beating meansfor withdrawing said weft-engaging bars clear of the webs and forthereafter effecting the movement of said frame to withdraw said spacerbars from between said warps.

2. A hand operated loom as claimed in claim 1 in which the spacer barsextending forwardly from the movable frame are hinged. thereto and thebars adapted to be moved between said hinged spacer bars are pivotallymounted to swing upwardly, means being provided to hold said pivotallymounted bars in the raised position, and means for releasing saidholding means.

3. In a hand operated loom the combination with the warps, heddles formanipulating said warps and heddle levers for operating said heddles, ofa frame movable toward and from the warps, spacer bars hinged to saidframe to extend horizontallyforward therefrom to project between saidwarps, bars pivotally mounted on said frame back of the hinged forwardlyextending bars and adapted to swing downwardly between the aforesaidbars to engage and press the weft material downwardly between the hingedbars in a zig-zag pattern, latches mounted in said frame adapted toengage and hold said pivotally mounted bars in a raised position, amember movable transversely of said frame and adapted to engage saidlatches to allow said pivotal members to drop, and means for moving saidframe away from the warps.

4. A hand operated loom comprising a rigid upright frame, means forsupporting the warps vertically in said frame, a frame mounted in theaforesaid frame and adapted to be moved horizontally toward said warps,spacer bars extending from the forward edge of said horizontal movableframe adapted to extend between said warps, bars mounted on saidhorizontally movable frame adapted to swing downwardly between theaforesaid bars to depress weft shots between the spacer bars extendingbetween the warps, heddles for manipulating the warps, heddle leversmounted on the main frame and connected with said heddles, meansconnecting said heddle levers to the frame carrying the spacer bars tomove said spacer bar frame toward the warps, comb-supporting memberspivotally mounted on the main frame, cam members pivotally mounted onthe main frame and engaging said comb-supporting members to raise thecomb coincident with the forward movement of the frame carrying thespacer bars, and to move said frame carrying said spacer bars away fromthe warps coincident with its downward movement to beat the weftdownwardly.

5. A hand operated loom comprising a frame having vertical front andback posts, elevator members slidably mounted between each pair of frontand back posts, a frame supported between said elevators to slidehorizontally and having separator bars extending therefrom to extendbetween the warps arranged vertically at the front of the frame, heddlesfor manipulating said warps, heddle levers connected with said hed'dles,cords connecting said heddle levers with said horizontal slidable frameto move same forward-1y, means carried on said frame for alternatelydepressing the weft shots placed between the warps over the separatorbars extending from said horizontal frame, means for moving said frameto withdraw weft-engaging members from the warps, and means for movingsaid elevators vertically in the main frame.

6. A hand operated loom, comprisinga plurality of vertical posts formingtwo sides of a frame, spacer members extending horizontally between saidframe, tie rods extending through said spacer members, a warpsupporting' roll journalled at the top of said frame, warps extendingfrom said roll vertically downward over a pair of spacer members andback around other of said spacer members, a wind-up roll extendingbetween said' uprights, a heddle support rigidly 'mounted' in said mainframe between the side uprights, heddles mounted in said heddl'e frame,

heddle levers pivotally mounted at either side of said frame andoperatively connected with said heddles to' move said heddl'esalternately in opposite" directions, a heater comb having side armspivotally mounted in the frame below said' hed'dle frame, rollersmounted at the rear end of said 8 beater franie arms, cam'memberspivotall-y mounted on either side of the frame uprights and operativelyengaging rollers on said beater comb arms, a frame extendingtransversely of the main frame formed by said uprights, cordsoperatively connecting said cams with said transverse frame to effectthe rearward movement of said transverse frame upon the downwardmovement of the comb, spacer bars extending forwardly from saidtransverse frame adapted to extend between the warps upon the forwardmovement of said transverse frame, arms pivotally mounted on the inwardside of the uprights adapted to engage and move said transverse frameforwardly toward the warps, cords connected with the heddle leversconnected with the latter arms to pull same forwardly coincident withthe movement of the heddles, and means mounted in said transverse frameextending forwardly between the spacer members and adapted to engage anddepress the weft material passed between the warps between said spacermembers.

JOSEPH W. JENKINS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

STATES PATENTS

